- Research Article
- Open access
- Published:
Transcoding-Based Error-Resilient Video Adaptation for 3G Wireless Networks
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing volume 2007, Article number: 039586 (2007)
Abstract
Transcoding is an effective method to provide video adaptation for heterogeneous internetwork video access and communication environments, which require the tailoring (i.e., repurposing) of coded video properties to channel conditions, terminal capabilities, and user preferences. This paper presents a video transcoding system that is capable of applying a suite of error resilience tools on the input compressed video streams while controlling the output rates to provide robust communications over error-prone and bandwidth-limited 3G wireless networks. The transcoder is also designed to employ a new adaptive intra-refresh algorithm, which is responsive to the detected scene activity inherently embedded into the video content and the reported time-varying channel error conditions of the wireless network. Comprehensive computer simulations demonstrate significant improvements in the received video quality performances using the new transcoding architecture without an extra computational cost.
References
Chang S-F, Vetro A: Video adaptation: concepts, technologies, and open issues. Proceedings of the IEEE 2005,93(1):148-158.
Special Issue on Universal Multimedia Access IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2003.,20(2):
Special Issue on Multimedia Adaptation Signal Processing: Image Communication 2003.,18(8):
MPEG-21—Part-7: ISO/IEC 21000-7 : Information technology—multimedia framework—part 7: Digital Item Adaptation. 2004.
Bormans J, Gelissen J, Perkis A: MPEG-21: the 21st century multimedia framework. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2003,20(2):53-62. 10.1109/MSP.2003.1184339
Burnett I, van de Walle R, Hill K, Bormans J, Pereira F: MPEG-21: goals and achievements. IEEE Multimedia 2003,10(4):60-70. 10.1109/MMUL.2003.1237551
Vetro A: MPEG-21 digital item adaptation: enabling universal multimedia access. IEEE Multimedia 2004,11(1):84-87. 10.1109/MMUL.2004.1261111
Magalhães J, Pereira F: Using MPEG standards for multimedia customization. Signal Processing: Image Communication 2004,19(5):437-456. 10.1016/j.image.2004.02.004
Warabino T, Ota S, Morikawa D, et al.: Video transcoding proxy for 3G wireless mobile Internet access. IEEE Communications Magazine 2000,38(10):66-71. 10.1109/35.874971
Dogan S, Eminsoy S, Sadka AH, Kondoz AM: Personalised multimedia services for real-time video over 3G mobile networks. Proceedings of the 3rd IEE International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies (3G '02), May 2002, London, UK (489):366-370.
Lei Z, Georganas ND: Video transcoding gateway for wireless video access. Proceedings of IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE '03), May 2003, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3: 1775–1778.
Amir E, McCanne S, Katz R: An active service framework and its application to real-time multimedia transcoding. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM '98), August-September 1998, Vancouver, BC, Canada 178–189.
Ott M, Welling G, Mathur S, Reininger D, Izmailov R: The JOURNEY active network model. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2001,19(3):527-537. 10.1109/49.917712
3GPP: TR 30.03 : Selection procedures for the choice of radio transmission technologies of the UMTS. V3.2.0 1998-04
Holma H, Toskala A: WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications. 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, London, UK; 2004.
Kodikara C, Worrall S, Sadka AH, Kondoz AM: Performance enhancement of real-time video communications over UTRAN by adaptive resource allocation: system level evaluation. Proceedings of the 5th IEE International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies (3G '04), October 2004, London, UK (503):427-431.
MPEG-4—Part-2: ISO/IEC 14496-2 : Information technology—generic coding of audio-visual objects—part 2: visual. 2001.
Talluri R: Error-resilient video coding in the ISO MPEG-4 standard. IEEE Communications Magazine 1998,36(6):112-119. 10.1109/35.685373
Vetro A, Christopoulos C, Sun H: Video transcoding architectures and techniques: an overview. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2003,20(2):18-29. 10.1109/MSP.2003.1184336
Xin J, Lin C-W, Sun M-T: Digital video transcoding. Proceedings of the IEEE 2005,93(1):84-97.
Ahmad I, Wei X, Sun Y, Zhang Y-Q: Video transcoding: an overview of various techniques and research issues. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2005,7(5):793-804.
de los Reyes G, Reibman AR, Chang S-F, Chuang JC-I: Error-resilient transcoding for video over wireless channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2000,18(6):1063-1074. 10.1109/49.848256
Dogan S, Cellatoglu A, Uyguroglu M, Sadka AH, Kondoz AM: Error-resilient video transcoding for robust internetwork communications using GPRS. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2002,12(6):453-464. 10.1109/TCSVT.2002.800308
Kim IK, Cho NI, Nam J: Error resilient video transcoding based on the optimal multiple description of DCT coefficients. Proceedings of International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology (IWAIT '03), January 2003, Nagasaki, Japan 77–80.
Eminsoy S, Dogan S, Kondoz AM: Real-time services for video communications. Proceedings of IEE International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE '03), July 2003, Guildford, UK (495):262-265.
Chiou H-J, Lee Y-R, Lin C-W: Error-resilient transcoding using adaptive intra refresh for video streaming. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS '04), May 2004, Vancouver, BC, Canada 3: 777–780.
Xia M, Vetro A, Sun H, Liu B: Rate-distortion optimized bit allocation for error resilient video transcoding. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS '04), May 2004, Vancouver, BC, Canada 3: 945–948.
Vetro A, Xin J, Sun H: Error resilience video trnscoding for wireless communications. IEEE Wireless Communications 2005,12(4):14-21. 10.1109/MWC.2005.1497854
Chiou H-J, Lee Y-R, Lin C-W: Content-aware error-resilient transcoding using prioritized intra-refresh for video streaming. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 2005,16(4-5):563-588. 10.1016/j.jvcir.2004.11.009
Dogan S, Sadka AH: Video transcoding for inter-network communications. In Compressed Video Communications by A. H. Sadka. John Wiley & Sons, London, UK; 2002:215-256. chapter 6
TM5: ISO/IEC N0400 : Test model 5. 1993.
Côté G, Kossentini F: Optimal intra coding of macroblocks for robust H.263 video communication over the Internet. Signal Processing: Image Communication 1999,15(1-2):25-34. 10.1016/S0923-5965(99)00022-3
Liao JY, Villasenor J: Adaptive intra block update for robust transmission of H.263. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2000,10(1):30-35. 10.1109/76.825855
Stuhlmüller K, Färber N, Link M, Girod B: Analysis of video transmission over lossy channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2000,18(6):1012-1032. 10.1109/49.848253
Chen C-H, Lee Y-R, Lin C-W, Chen Y-C: Error resilience transcoding using prioritized intra-refresh for video multicast over wireless networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME '05), July 2005, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1310–1313.
Chen C-M, Chen Y-C, Lin C-W: Error-resilience transcoding using content-aware intra-refresh based on profit tracing. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS '06), May 2006, Kos, Greece 5283–5286.
Worrall ST, Sadka AH, Kondoz AM, Sweeney P: Motion adaptive intra refresh for MPEG-4. Electronics Letters 2000,36(23):1924-1925. 10.1049/el:20001366
3GPP: TS 25.853 : Delay budget within the access stratum. release 1999, March 2001
Kodikara C, Worrall S, Fabri SN, Kondoz AM: Performance evaluation of MPEG-4 video telephony over UMTS. Proceedings of the 4th IEE International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies (3G '03), June 2003, London, UK (494):73-77.
Soares LD, Adachi S, Pereira F: Influence of encoder parameters on the decoded video quality for MPEG-4 over W-CDMA mobile networks. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '00), September 2000, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2: 148–151.
Kodikara C: Multimedia communications over 3G wireless communication systems, Ph.D. thesis. Electronic Engineering Department, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK; 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://doi.org/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Eminsoy, S., Dogan, S. & Kondoz, A.M. Transcoding-Based Error-Resilient Video Adaptation for 3G Wireless Networks. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2007, 039586 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/39586
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/39586