Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
---|---|
Age 21–80 years | Brainstem stroke |
>6 months from a first clinical non-hemorrhagic or hemorrhagic stroke | Epilepsy |
Medically stable | Severely impaired cognition and communication |
Unilateral lower extremity hemi-paresis | History of peroneal nerve injury |
Able to ambulate 16 feet (5 m) continuously with minimal assistance or less, without the use of an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) | History of Parkinson’s, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, uncontrolled seizure disorder |
AFO is clinically indicated (foot-drop during ambulation) | Uncompensated hemi-neglect (extinguishing to double simultaneous stimulation) |
Electrical stimulation of the paretic ankle dorsiflexors produces ankle dorsiflexion to neutral without pain | Edema of the paretic lower extremity |
Full voluntary dorsiflexion of the contralateral ankle | Absent sensation of lower leg and foot |
Skin intact on hemiparetic lower extremity | History of cardiac arrhythmias with hemodynamic instability |
 | Cardiac pacemaker or other implanted electronic system |
 | Botulinum toxin injections to any lower extremity muscle in the last 3 months |
 | Evidence of deep venous thrombosis or thromboembolism |