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EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing

Table 1 Constellation points of digital modulation schemes

From: Automatic modulation classification of digital modulations in presence of HF noise

Modulation

Constellation point

MPSK

C i ∈ exp(−j 2πm/M), m = 0, 1,., M − 1

MQAM

C i = a K + j b k , a k , b k ∈ 2 m − 1 − M , m = 1 , 2 , . , M

OQPSK

C i ∈ 4PSK staggered to allow ±π/2 change between symbols.

MFSK

C i ∈ cos 2 π f m f s n + j sin 2 π f m f s ; ⋅ m ∈ 0 , … , M − 1 , n = 0 , 1 , … , N f − 1

MAPSK

C i ∈ r exp − j 2 π m M s , w h e r e r ∈ 1 , 2 , M s ∈ 4 , 12 , m ∈ [ 0 , … , 11 ] , i f M = 16 r ∈ 1 , 2 , 3 , M s ∈ 4 , 12 , 16 , m ∈ 0 , … , 15 , i f M = 32

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