Figure 7From: On the inclusion of prime factors to calculate the theoretical lower bounds in multiplierless single constant multiplicationsSubgraph G 1 , CM subgraph G 2 , and two extra A -operations. (a) G1 is non- multiplicative graph. (b) G1 is a CM-based multiplicative graph, with r ≤ l and (c) G1 is a CM-based multiplicative graph, with r > l.Back to article page