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Table 5 A comparison between the proposed method and the recent state-of-the-art model-based methods

From: Distributed and adaptive location identification system for mobile devices

Method

Model

Architecture

Scenario

MLE

< 3 m

A self-adaptive model-based [33]

Modified dual-model

Centralized client-server (localization and tracking)

Single room, stationary

2–3 m

70%

Multi-room, stationary

3–4 m

70%

MFAM [34]

Modified dual-mode model with multi-frequency

Centralized client-server (localization and tracking)

Multi-room, stationary

2.16 m

NA

IMM-EKF [35]

Dual-slope, interacting multi-model with Kalman filters

Centralized client-server (localization and tracking)

Multi-room, mobile

0.19 m

100%

DALIS (proposed)

Pure model-based

Distributed ad hoc (pseudo-GPS location identification)

Single room, stationary, standstill

1.59 m

98%

Single room, stationary, moving in-place

1.83 m

97%