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Table 2 Representation of modulated signals

From: A novel framework for extracting moment-based fingerprint features in specific emitter identification

Modulation

Representation

MASK

\(x_\mathrm{tr} (t)=A\sum \limits _{j=1}^{N_{s} } {a_{j} g(t-(j-1)T_{s} )} \cdot \cos (2\pi f_\mathrm{c} t)\)

MFSK

\(x_\mathrm{tr} (t)=A\sum \limits _{j=1}^{N_{s} } {g(t-(j-1)T_{s} )\cdot \cos (2\pi f_{j} t)}\)

MPSK

\(x_\mathrm{tr} (t)=A\sum \limits _{j=1}^{N_{s} } {g(t-(j-1)T_{s} )} \cdot \cos (2\pi f_\mathrm{c} t+\phi _{j} )\)