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Table 3 Gate complexity of the proposed converter and other known converters for some similar RNSs

From: Design of reverse converters for the general RNS 3-moduli set {2k, 2n − 1, 2n + 1}

Moduli Set/Design

FA

HA/HA\(^{+1}\)

AND/OR

(XOR)

Adder mod

(\(2^{2n} \!-\! 1\))

Inverters

Critical Path Delay

(w/o \(d_{add\ mod\ 2^{2n}-1}\))

\(\{2^n, 2^n \!- \!1, 2^n \!+\! 1\}\)

n

n

n

1

2n

 \(d_{inv} + d_{OR} + d_{FA}\)

Patronik and Piestrak [24]

      

\(\{2^{k}, 2^n \!-\! 1, 2^n \!+\! 1\}\)

\(2n \!-\! k\!+\! 1\)

\(n+k\)

2

1

\(k+1\)

 \(d_{inv} \!+\! d_{OR} + 2d_{FA}\)

Chaves and Sousa [4]

      

Version 1

k

\(4n \!-\! \left| k\right| _{2n}\)

n

1

\(n+k\)

 \(d_{inv}+d_{AND}+d_{CSA}(\left\lceil \frac{k}{2n}\right\rceil \!,\!1_c)\)

      

 (\(d_{inv} \!+\! d_{AND}\!+\!d_{FA}+d_{HA}\))

Version 2

k

\(2n \!-\! \left| k\right| _{2n}\)

n

1

\(n+k\)

 \(d_{inv}+d_{AND}+d_{CSA}(\left\lceil \frac{k}{2n}\right\rceil)\)

      

 (\(d_{inv} \!+\! d_{AND}\!+\!d_{FA}\))

Version 3

\(k+2c\)

\(4n \!-\! \left| k \!+\! 2c\right| _{2n}\)

\(f_A(n,k)^\dag\)

1

\(f_I(n,k)^{\ddagger } + k\) \(^{.}\)

 \(d_{inv}+d_{AND}+d_{CSA}(\left\lceil \frac{k+2c}{2n}\right\rceil \!,\!1_{c})\)

      

 (\(d_{inv} \!+\! d_{AND}\!+\!d_{FA}+d_{HA}\))

Version 4

\(k+2c\)

\(2n \!-\! \left| k \!+\! 2c\right| _{2n}\) 

\(f_A(n,k)^\dag\)

1

\(f_I(n,k)^{\ddagger } \!+\! k\) 

 \(d_{inv}+d_{AND}+d_{CSA}(\left\lceil \frac{k+2c}{2n}\right\rceil )\)

      

 (\(d_{inv} \!+\! d_{AND}\!+\!d_{FA}\))

[12] \(p=0\)

2n

0

2 (+1 XOR)

1

n

\(d_{FA}\)

[12] \(p=1\)

2n

0

\(n+1\) (+1 XOR)

1

n

\(d_{FA} + d_{OR} + d_{inv}\)

[12] \(p > 1\)

2n

0

\(n+p\) (+p XOR)

1

n

\(d_{FA} + d_{OR}\)

  1. \(c= \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 0 &{} \text{ if } \left| k\right| _{2n}=\{0, 2n-1\} \\ 2 &{} \text{ otherwise } \\ \end{array} \right.\)
  2. \(t = |k|_{2n}-n+1\)    \(\dag\) \(f_A(n,k)= \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 0 &{} \text{ if } |k|_{2n}\le n-1 \\ t &{} \text{ if } n-1<|k|_{2n}<2n-1 \\ n &{} \text{ if } |k|_{2n}\in \{0,2n-1\} \\ \end{array} \right.\)    \(\ddagger\) \(f_I(n,k)= \left\{ \begin{array}{l} n \hbox { if} |k|_{2n}\in \{0,2n-1\} \\ n+1 \text{ otherwise } \\ \end{array} \right.\)