Table 6 Estimated parameters of signal 2
From: Estimation of LFM signal parameters using RD compressed sampling and the DFRFT dictionary
Methods | (\(\widehat{p}_{{{\text{opt}}}}\), \(\widehat{u}_{{{\text{opt}}}}\)) | (\(\widehat{k}\), \(\widehat{{f_{c} }}\)) | Error (\(\widehat{k}\)) | Error (\(\widehat{{f_{c} }}\)) | Operation time/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QPSO | (0.81, 454) | (− 307.8, 102.9) | 0.026 | 0.029 | 12.23 |
|  | (0.81, 549) | (− 307.8, 204.5) |  | 0.025 | |
|  | (0.81, 645) | (− 307.8, 305.1) |  | 0.017 | |
|  | (0.81, 738) | (− 307.8, 407.7) |  | 0.019 | |
GA-PSO | (0.81, 454) | (− 307.8, 102.9) | 0.026 | 0.029 | 24.33 |
|  | (0.81, 549) | (− 307.8, 204.5) |  | 0.025 | |
|  | (0.81, 645) | (− 307.8, 305.1) |  | 0.017 | |
|  | (0.81, 738) | (− 307.8, 407.7) |  | 0.019 | |
PSO | (0.79, 443) | (− 323.9,109.3) | 0.080 | 0.093 | 74.33 |
|  | (0.79, 545) | (− 323.9, 217.5) |  | 0.088 | |
|  | (0.79, 641) | (− 323.9, 329.2) |  | 0.097 | |
|  | (0.79, 729) | (− 323.9, 438.5) |  | 0.096 | |
2-DS | (0.81, 454) | (− 307.8, 102.9) | 0.026 | 0.029 | 684 |
|  | (0.81, 549) | (− 307.8, 204.5) |  | 0.025 | |
|  | (0.81, 645) | (− 307.8, 305.1) |  | 0.017 | |
|  | (0.81, 738) | (− 307.8, 407.7) |  | 0.019 |