Skip to main content
  • Research Article
  • Open access
  • Published:

The Optimal Design of Weighted Order Statistics Filters by Using Support Vector Machines

Abstract

Support vector machines (SVMs), a classification algorithm for the machine learning community, have been shown to provide higher performance than traditional learning machines. In this paper, the technique of SVMs is introduced into the design of weighted order statistics (WOS) filters. WOS filters are highly effective, in processing digital signals, because they have a simple window structure. However, due to threshold decomposition and stacking property, the development of WOS filters cannot significantly improve both the design complexity and estimation error. This paper proposes a new designing technique which can improve the learning speed and reduce the complexity of designing WOS filters. This technique uses a dichotomous approach to reduce the Boolean functions from 255 levels to two levels, which are separated by an optimal hyperplane. Furthermore, the optimal hyperplane is gotten by using the technique of SVMs. Our proposed method approximates the optimal weighted order statistics filters more rapidly than the adaptive neural filters.

References

  1. Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J: An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-Based Learning Methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 2000.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Vapnik VN: The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer, New York, NY, USA; 1995.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Lee Y-J, Mangasarian OL: SSVM: a smooth support vector machine for classification. Computational Optimization and Applications 2001, 20(1):5–22. 10.1023/A:1011215321374

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Mangasarian OL: Generalized support vector machines. In Advances in Large Margin Classifiers. Edited by: Smola AJ, Bartlett P, Schölkopf B, Schuurmans C. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA; 2000:135–146.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mangasarian OL, Musicant DR: Successive overrelaxation for support vector machines. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 1999, 10(5):1032–1037. 10.1109/72.788643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chapelle O, Haffner P, Vapnik VN: Support vector machines for histogram-based image classification. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 1999, 10(5):1055–1064. 10.1109/72.788646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Guo G, Li SZ, Chan KL: Support vector machines for face recognition. Image and Vision Computing 2001, 19(9–10):631–638. 10.1016/S0262-8856(01)00046-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Drucker H, Wu D, Vapnik VN: Support vector machines for spam categorization. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 1999, 10(5):1048–1054. 10.1109/72.788645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vapnik VN: Statistical Learning Theory. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA; 1998.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang R, Gabbouj M, Yu P-T: Parametric analysis of weighted order statistics filters. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 1994, 1(6):95–98. 10.1109/97.295344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yu P-T: Some representation properties of stack filters. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1992, 40(9):2261–2266. 10.1109/78.157225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yu P-T, Chen R-C: Fuzzy stack filters-their definitions, fundamental properties, and application in image processing. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 1996, 5(6):838–854. 10.1109/83.503903

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu P-T, Coyle EJ: The classification and associative memory capability of stack filters. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1992, 40(10):2483–2497. 10.1109/78.157291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yu P-T, Coyle EJ: Convergence behavior and N-roots of stack filters. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 1990, 38(9):1529–1544. 10.1109/29.60073

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Yu P-T, Liao W-H: Weighted order statistics filters-their classification, some properties, and conversion algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1994, 42(10):2678–2691. 10.1109/78.324733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chakrabarti C, Lucke LE: VLSI architectures for weighted order statistic (WOS) filters. Signal Processing 2000, 80(8):1419–1433. 10.1016/S0165-1684(00)00046-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Perry SW, Guan L: Weight assignment for adaptive image restoration by neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 2000, 11(1):156–170. 10.1109/72.822518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wong H-S, Guan L: A neural learning approach for adaptive image restoration using a fuzzy model-based network architecture. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 2001, 12(3):516–531. 10.1109/72.925555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yin L, Astola J, Neuvo Y: Optimal weighted order statistic filters under the mean absolute error criterion. Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '91), April 1991, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4: 2529–2532.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Yin L, Astola J, Neuvo Y: A new class of nonlinear filters-neural filters. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1993, 41(3):1201–1222. 10.1109/78.205724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yin L, Astola J, Neuvo Y: Adaptive multistage weighted order statistic filters based on the backpropagation algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1994, 42(2):419–422. 10.1109/78.275617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wendt PD, Coyle EJ, Gallagher NC: Stack filters. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 1986, 34(4):898–911. 10.1109/TASSP.1986.1164871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Avedillo MJ, Quintana JM, Rodriguez-Villegas E: Simple parallel weighted order statistic filter implementations. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS '02), May 2002 4: 607–610.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gasteratos A, Andreadis I: A new algorithm for weighted order statistics operations. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 1999, 6(4):84–86. 10.1109/97.752061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Huttunen H, Koivisto P: Training based optimization of weighted order statistic filters under breakdown criteria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '99), October 1999, Kobe, Japan 4: 172–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Koivisto P, Huttunen H: Design of weighted order statistic filters by training-based optimization. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications (ISSPA '01), August 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1: 40–43.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Marshall S: New direct design method for weighted order statistic filters. IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing 2001, 151(1):1–8.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Yli-Harja O, Astola J, Neuvo Y: Analysis of the properties of median and weighted median filters using threshold logic and stack filter representation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1991, 39(2):395–410. 10.1109/78.80823

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bertsekas DP: Nonlinear Programming. Athena Scientific, Belmont, Mass, USA; 1999.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Poikonen J, Paasio A: A ranked order filter implementation for parallel analog processing. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 2004, 51(5):974–987. 10.1109/TCSI.2004.827620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Savin CE, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS: norm design of stack filters. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 1999, 8(12):1730–1743. 10.1109/83.806619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Schlkopf B, Smola AJ: Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Gill PE, Murray W, Wright MH: Practical Optimization. Academic Press, London, UK; 1981.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Lee Y-J, Mangasarian OL: RSVM: Reduced Support Vector Machines. Proceedings of the 1st SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, April 2001, Chicago, Ill, USA

    Google Scholar 

  35. Stone M: Cross-validatory choice and assessment of statistical predictions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 1974, B36: 111–147.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Yin L, Yang R, Gabbouj M, Neuvo Y: Weighted median filters: a tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 1996, 43(3):157–192. 10.1109/82.486465

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yao, CC., Yu, PT. The Optimal Design of Weighted Order Statistics Filters by Using Support Vector Machines. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2006, 024185 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1155/ASP/2006/24185

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/ASP/2006/24185

Keywords